Taw Qhia Rau Cov Qauv Dyeing Thiab Kev Txhaum Cai
Kev taw qhia txog npuag dyeing thiab xov txheej, xaiv cov ntaub dyeing thiab xov txheej, tsuas yog raws li ntau yam, specifications thiab tiav cov khoom cai ntawm fabrics, muab faib ua ntej kev kho mob, dyeing, printing, tag.
Npuag ua ntej
Cov ntawv cog lus muaj impurities. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cov ntawv nyeem, ntau cov pastes, roj thiab cov kab paug muaj kab mob ntxiv. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov impurities tsis tsuas yog hinders qhov kev vam meej ntawm dyeing thiab tag, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam cov hnav zoo ntawm cov ntaub.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom ua ntej yog thov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov khoom xiam oob khab, ua cov ntaub dawb thiab muag muag, muaj cov khoom ntim zoo, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab muab cov khoom tsim nyog rau dyeing, printing and final .
Paj Paj Ntaub: daim ntaub pib npaj, hu nkauj, tsim kom muaj, scouring, tshuaj dawb, mercerizing.
Polyester: npaj cov grey npuag, refining (kua alkali, thiab lwm yam.), Pre-shrinkage, predetermined hom, txo alkali (kua alkali, thiab lwm yam.).
Singeing ntawm ntaub
Feem ntau, tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab luam ntawv thiab dyeing los ntawm textile zeb, cov ntaub grey yuav tsum xub tau mus soj ntsuam, tumbling, batching, printing thiab sewing, thiab ces singeing.
yog vim li cas:
1 Daim npog tsis muaj qhov muag tau muaj ntau yam fluffs thiab txawv hauv ntev;
2 pluag suaj kaum, yooj yim rau pes tsawg;
3 Nws yog ib qho yooj yim poob cov plaub hau rau tom qab dyeing thiab xov txheej, uas ua rau luam ntawv thiab dyeing.
Singing lub hom phiaj
1 Txhim kho qhov ci ntawm daim ntaub; txhim kho qhov kawg;
2 txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kom pill (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yeeb tshuaj tshuaj lom neeg);
3 txhim kho qhov style, singeing yuav ua rau cov ntaub ua crisp thiab pob txha.
Desizing ntawm ntaub
Thaum cov txheej txheem weav, cov ntaub qhwv cov ntawv xov xwm raug rau cov kev nruj loj thiab kev sib txhuam thiab ua rau tawg. Yuav kom txo tau lub xov tooj cua thiab txhim kho kev txuag thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub, cov xov hlau xov tooj yuav tsum tau ua ntej lub teeb meem, uas yog cov nplaum hluavtaws thiab cohesion nyob rau hauv cov xov paj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog slurry zaj duab xis ntawm cov xov paj ua cov iav ceev thiab du, ua qhov tawg zuj zus thiab hnav cov xuab zeb.
Lub hom phiaj lub hom phiaj: Tom qab cov zom zaws, lub slurry penetrates rau hauv lub fiber thiab yog ib feem nrog rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub xov phom. Thaum uas ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua haujlwm, lub slurry contaminates lub dyeing thiab tag kua, hinders cov tshuaj sib raug zoo ntawm cov fiber ntau thiab cov khoom dyeing, thiab dyes lub zas. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tseem nyuaj rau kev nqa tawm.
Ua ntej, qhov qhia txog ntawm ntau slurry
Ntuj kua txig: hmoov txhuv nplej siab, seev cev ntawm pos hniav, cov pos hniav, lwm yam zoo li
Starch properties: 1 kua qaub, 2 alkali ruaj khov, o, 3 oxidant tau decomposed, 4 yog decomposed los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Tshuaj slurry: cellulose derivatives xws li hydroxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl cawv (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, thiab cov zoo li.
PVA cov khoom: 1 ruaj khov rau acid thiab alkali, thiab viscosity yog tsis qis. 2 yog degraded los ntawm oxidants. 3 Ceev faj, kev sib haum xeeb, tsis ua dab tsi.
Thib ob, txoj kev txiav txim siab uas tsim tawm
1. Alkali desizing
Ib qho ntawm ntau txoj kev siv ntau hauv cov zom zaws hauv cov tsev lag luam, tab sis tus nqi uas tsis muaj kev txwv tsis siab, thiab lwm cov impurities yuav raug tshem tawm hauv tib lub qauv uas tsim tawm.
Mechanism: kho cov kua tshuaj sodium hydroxide kua, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nplaum (los yog puffs) nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alkali, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim, uas ua rau lub slurry hloov ntawm gel mus rau sab laug, txo cov fiber ntau slurry. Lub zog cog qoob loo yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav dej thiab txhua yam dag zog yuam. Rau PVA thiab polyacrylate-based slurries, nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm dissolving ib dilute sodium hydroxide kua.
2, (starch) enzyme desizing
Enzymes tseem hu ua enzymes, biocatalysts.
Nta: qhov siab npaum li cas, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau fiber, tsuas yog hmoov nplej siab, tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom tsis haum.
Nta: a. Kev ua haujlwm siab. b. Qhov tshwj xeeb, ib qho enzyme tsuas ua tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nkaus xwb los yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv. c. Kev ua haujlwm yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kub thiab pH.
Rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab slurry los yog hmoov txhuv nplej siab sib tov nrog cov hmoov nplej (cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog qhov tseem ceeb), amylase tuaj yeem siv rau kev siv.
3, acid desizing
Nws tsis muaj ntau hom kev siv hauv tsev, vim nws yog yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj cov fibers thaum siv, thiab nws yog siv nrog lwm txoj hau kev.
Kev siv ob-kauj ruam yog siv: alkali desizing - acid desizing.
Acid desizing muaj peev xwm hydrolyze starch, tshem mineral pob zeb thiab lwm yam zog, thiab ua kom sib.
4, oxidative desizing
Oxidizing tus neeg saib xyuas: NaBrO2 (sodium bromate) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, thiab cov zoo li no.
Lub hauv paus: Lub oxidize tau oxidize thiab degrade ntau hom slurry, nws cov molecular nyhav thiab viscosity yog zoo heev txo, dej solubility ntau zog, cov slurry yog tiv thaiv los ntawm adhering rau fiber, thiab ces cov hydrolyzed khoom tawm yog high-efficiency dej ntxuav .
Npuag txhaws
Lub hom phiaj ntawm scouring yog tshem tawm cov kua fiber ntau thiab txhim kho cov khoom tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom ntub.
Tej yam tsis zoo: Rau cov paj rwb, feem ntau cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau los sis cov neeg muaj kab mob, nrog rau cov roj siv roj, pectin, protein, tshauv, xim thiab cov kab paj cotton.
Khoom neeg tsis muaj zog: Cov roj, cov neeg ua hauj lwm antistatic, thiab cov impurities xws li cov roj, xeb, thiab cov pob slurry ntxiv nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyom thiab khawm.
Cov impurities no cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub ntim ntawm cov ntaub thiab tabkaum ua cov dyeing thiab xov ntawm cov ntaub, thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho scouring system uas yog tsim los ntawm sodium hydroxide thiab ib surfactant.
Npuag tshuaj dawb
Tom qab scouring, lub ntuj thiab khoom neeg tsim kev tsis huv ntawm cov ntaub tau raug tshem tawm loj heev, tab sis rau bleached thiab cov xim kob cov xim, tshuaj dawb yuav tsum tau. Ntawd yog, cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab yog tsim tawm kom tshem tawm cov xim thiab txhim kho cov xim dawb.
Cov tshuaj fiber muaj cov xim tsis muaj pigment thiab dawb tom qab scouring. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab cov paj rwb fiber ntau ua kom zoo zoo, cov pigment tseem muaj nyob thiab cov xim dawb tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj dawb yog feem ntau nqa tawm ntawm lub ntuj tsim ntawm cov paj rwb.
tshuaj dawb:
Cov tshuaj oxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide thiab sodium chlorite, feem ntau yog siv rau paj rwb fibers thiab blended fabrics.
Txo hom: NaHSO3 thiab kev tuav pov hwm cov hmoov av, thiab lwm yam, uas yog siv rau cov khoom siv fiber ntau ntawm fiber ntau.
Sodium hypochlorite tshuaj dawb:
Sodium hypochlorite bleaching yog feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawm cov paj rwb ntaub thiab paj rwb blended fabrics, thiab qee zaum cov tshuaj dawb ntawm polyester-paj rwb blended ntaub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov kua protein muaj fiber ntau xws li txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab ntaub plaub, vim hais tias sodium hypochlorite muaj cov nyhuv ntawm cov protein ntau thiab ua rau cov hlab ntsha thiab puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj, ntxiv nrog rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pa pigments, cov paj rwb fibers lawv tus kheej yuav raug puas. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas kab mob yuav tsum raug tswj kom ua tau raws li qhov tsim nyog thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Sodium hypochlorite yog yooj yim los tsim thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi. Sodium hypochlorite bleaching yog yooj yim thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij vim tias sodium hypochlorite tshuaj dawb yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nws hloov maj mam hloov los ntawm hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide tshuaj H2O2:
Hydrogen peroxide tseem hu ua hydrogen peroxide, thiab nws cov mis mos molecular yog H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching yog hu ua oxygen bleaching. Nyob rau hauv cov dej mob alkaline, qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov kua tshuaj peroxide yog tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam hydrogen peroxide yog weakly acidic.
Cov ntaub ntawm bleached nrog hydrogen peroxide muaj xim zoo dawb, ntshiab xim thiab tsis yooj yim rau daj thaum khaws, thiab yog dav siv rau cov ntaub qhwv paj ntaub. Oxygen bleaching muaj ntau dua li ntawm cov tshuaj dawb, tab sis hydrogen peroxide ntau dua sodium hypochlorite, thiab oxygen bleaching yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom tsis muaj zog hlau, uas siv ntau zog thiab cov nqi ntau dua chlorine bleach.
Nyob rau ntawm tam sim no, lub luam ntawv thiab dyeing nroj tsuag siv ntau ca ca bleaming txoj kev. Txoj kev no muaj ntau dua ntawm kev kawm txuas ntxiv, kev siv tsheb thiab kev ua haujlwm, kev yoojyim kev khiav dej num thiab tsis muaj kev paug qoob loo.
Mercerized ntaub (paj rwb ntaub)
Lub textile yog raug mus rau ib tug tej yam nro, thiab los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm concentrated caustic dej qab zib thiab tswj tus loj me me, lub ci ntawm lub lo lo ntxhuav tau. Txoj kev no yog hu ua mercerizing.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm mercerizing: los txhim kho qhov ntsa gloss thiab xav tias ntawm ntaub, vim nthuav ntawm fiber ntau, lub fiber ntau kev zoo dua, lub reflection ntawm lub teeb yog ntau li niaj zaus, yog li pab tau txoj gloss.
Txhim kho cov xim ntawm dyeing: Tom qab mercerizing, qhov siv lead ua thaj tsam ntawm lub fiber yog txo, thiab cov amorphous tsam yog nce, ces tus zas xim yuav ntau dua rau hauv cov thooj sab hauv sab xis, qhov xim tus nqi yog 20% siab tshaj qhov ntawm unsilked fiber ntau paj ntaub, thiab viagness nce, thiab qhov khub yog nce. Kev zais lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag tuag.
Ua kom zoo dua qhov chaw ruaj ntseg: Mercerizing muaj ib qho kev hloov shaping, uas muaj peev xwm tshem tawm hlua wrinkles thiab zoo dua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau zoo ntawm dyeing thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov khoom tiav. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tom qab mercerizing, qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ncab deformation ntawm cov ntaub yog zoo heev tuaj, yog li zoo heev txo lub shrinkage tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub.
Txhuam ntaub
Txhim kho, ua ntej tho (tshuaj fiber ntau ntaub)
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho thiab ua ntej shrinking yog tsuas yog tshem tawm roj, slurry thiab av adsorbed on ntaub (fiber), thiab tseem yaj ib co ntawm oligomers nyob rau hauv lub fiber thaum lub sij hawm high-kub refining. Daim ntaub xim grey yuav tsum tau ua ntej ua ntej ntawm alkali, thiab feem ntau ntxiv nrog cov additives xws li deoiling plig thiab caustic soda. Cov chemical fiber ntaub pretreatment yog kwv nyob rau hauv kev kub thiab siab siab dyeing tshuab.
Npuag shrinkage
Alkali txo (tshuaj fiber ntau ntaub)
Ntsiab lus thiab nyhuv ntawm alkali txo
Alkali txo kev kho mob yog ib txheej txheem ntawm kev kho polyester ntaub nyob rau hauv high kub thiab concentrated caustic dej qab zib. Hauv cov kua tshuaj sodium hydroxide, qhov ester bond ntawm polyester molecular saw nyob rau ntawm qhov fiber ntau yog hydrolyzed thiab tawg, thiab cov hydrolysis ntawm txawv polymerization degrees yog tsis tu ncua. Cov khoom kawg thaum kawg cov dej soluble sodium terephthalate thiab ethylene glycol. Cov khoom siv rau kev txo alkali mas nws muaj xws li txeej dyeing tshuab, txuas ntxiv mus siv lub cav thiab sib tshuam cov khoom sib cais, tshwj tsis yog khawb dyeing tshuab; nruam thiab sib quas ntus cov cav yuav rov qab tau rov qab lye ntxiv. . Yuav kom paub tseeb tias qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntaub grey, ib feem ntawm cov khoom txo alkali yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog ib hom kev ua ntej, thiab pib nkag mus rau qhov txheej txheem dyeing.
Cov khoom siv txo Alkali:
Taw qhia rau dyeing thiab xov txheej txheem
Npuag dyeing
Dyeing yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev txais ib lub ci, niaj hnub zoo thiab muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv ntawv los ntawm kev siv lub cev los yog lub cev nqaij ntawm cov xim (los yog xim) thiab cov ntaub ntawv textile.
Cov ntawv xov xwm raug muab tshem tawm hauv cov kua qaug dej sov ntawm ib qho ntsuas kub, thiab cov xim txav ntawm theem dej mus rau lub tshuab fiber ntau. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, cov qaub concentration hauv dej maj txo, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov xim ntawm textile cov khoom maj nce. Tom qab lub sij hawm, qhov zas ntawm cov xim thiab textile hauv dej Cov zas ntawm cov khoom siv tsis hloov ntau dua, thiab cov qis tag nrho tsis hloov, qhov ntawd yog, cov zas tuaj txog ntawm lub xeev.
Cov xim uas txo tawm hauv dej yog cov xim uas txav mus rau hauv cov fib. Cov fib fais no tawm thaum twg los tau, thiab txawm tias nws yog sib thooj, cov xim tshuav nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha, thiab cov xim tsis tuaj yeem txav ntawm cov fiber. Qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas dye yog incorporated rau hauv fiber ntau hu ua dyeing.
Raws li qhov sib txawv dyeing, cov dyeing txoj kev yuav tsum tau raug muab faib ua cov ris tsho, cov ntaub dyeing (ntsiab extension ntaub dyeing, knitted ntaub dyeing thiab non-woven dyeing), xov dyeing (tau muab faib ua skein dyeing, cheese dyeing, warp ) Ncej dyeing thiab nruam warp dyeing) thiab bulk fiber dyeing nyob rau hauv plaub pawg.
Ntawm lawv, ntaub dyeing yog cov feem ntau siv. Kev hnav tsoos tsho yog hais txog txoj kev dyeing textile cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ris tsho, xov paj dyeing yog feem ntau siv rau xov paj-dyed woven fabrics thiab knitted fabrics, thiab bulk fiber dyeing yog siv rau xim textile cov ntaub ntawv.
Npuag dyeing
Npuag luam ntawv
Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zas xim los yog lo ntawm cov ntaub yog sau. Muab faib rau hauv vijtsam tiaj tiaj, luam yeeb duab, hloov luam ntawv, digital printing thiab hais txog. Kev luam tawm yog ib feem dyeing uas yuav tsum tau muaj qee cov degree ntawm xim xim nruj. Cov zas xim siv tau yog tib yam li dyeing, feem ntau yog siv qhov kev luam ntawv ncaj nraim, thiab tuaj yeem txais yuav cov xim xim, xim xim txheej txheem yooj yim, tab sis cov ntawv loj hauv cheeb tsam tau hnov nyuaj.
Npuag tag
Textile xov, tseem hu ua xov. Lub cev, tshuaj los yog lub cev thiab tshuaj los txhim kho npuag thiab zoo li lub cev (xws li txhav, qhov muag muag, kev cog lus los yog kev tu), txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tshiab rau cov ntaub (xws li thaiv ntsaum, tsis muaj dej, fouling) , los tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov, ua mildew, anti-mite thiab anti-cov kab mob.
Generalized: Tag nrho cov kev txhim kho thiab kev txhim kho kom zoo dua qub uas dhau los txij li sab nraud.
Vaub txiav txim: kev ua cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj dawb, dyeing thiab luam ntawv raug mob hu ua npuag tag.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm ntaub ntaub
1. Nqa cov xim loj thiab zoo
Los ntawm qhov kawg, lub qhov rooj dav dav yog qhov ruaj khov, qhov txo tus nqi txo, cov ntaub npog qhov dav tsis zoo, thiab cov ntaub loj thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog ua raws li cov qauv qhia ntawv.
Xws li:
Ncab - siv cov cellulose, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, ntaub plaub thiab lwm cov hlab pas hauv cov qoob loo uas tsis huv raws li lub dav ntub, cov ntaub npog dav maj maj kom cov ntawv loj thiab ziab thiab ruaj khov txheej,
Thaum tshav kub kub - hais txog kev siv technology ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov ntaub qhwv hlau hauv qab cov nro los ua kom nws loj thiab zoo ruaj khov.
2. Txhim kho qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntaub
Txhim kho cov xim dawb thiab kev txav ntawm cov ntaub, ua kom lub ntsej muag ntawm lub npoo ntawm cov ntaub thiab qhia tau ib qho qauv deg zoo rau cov ntaub.
Xws li:
Calendering - los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm lub calender, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub cua sov, los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub fiber, cov fibers saum npoo muaj txheej txheem ua kom zoo dua qhov smoothness ntawm qhov chaw, tsim qhov kev xav ntawm lub teeb, thiab los txhim kho xim ntawm daim ntaub. .
Dov xov tag - lub tshuab tshuab embossing yog tib lub zog uas tawv hnyav thiab cov yob mos muag. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov yob tawv yog sau nrog ib tug qauv txawv, thiab lub mos muag yob yog engraved nrog ib tug smudged qauv. Thaum xaus, cov ntaub yog embossed los ntawm yin thiab yang yob los ntawm txoj kev plasticity ntawm cov ntaub nyob rau hauv cov cua sov kub, kom lub qauv embossed yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub.
Kev sib tsoo - Tom qab tag, cov ntaub tuaj yeem ua tau suede, muaj kev khees me ntsis lawm, nyiam hnav, tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm lub tshuab txhuam, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rov qab muab dua los ua suede.
3. Txhim kho txoj kev xav ntawm cov ntaub
Muab cov ntaub ntaw muag, puv nkaus los sis ib txhais tes tuav.
Xws li:
Kev Siv Phom Suab - yog ib qho txheej txheem uas cuam tshuam rau qhov muag zoo thiab ntxhib tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ua kom cov ntaub muag muag. Xws li cov khoom siv xov mos muag, cov tshuaj muag muag thiab txhuam kom tiav.
Mechanical mos xov yog tsuas yog kev siv cov khoom siv dag zog, nyob rau hauv lub nro lub xeev, cov ntaub yog bent ntau lub sij hawm los txo cov rigidity ntawm cov ntaub, kom nws tau rov qab mus rau qhov tsim nyog softness.
Txoj kev siv tshuaj yog siv ib tug neeg muag muag muag kom txo cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm cov fibers kom tau cov nyhuv softening.
Kev txhav tas - yog ua kom cov ntaub npuag du, txhav, tuab, tag nrho ntawm tes, thiab los txhim kho lub zog thiab hnav kev ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov hanging thiab tsos.
Txoj kev ua tiav txoj kev txhim kho feem ntau yog ua tiav nrog lub sijhawm ntev, thiab ib tug muag muag ntxiv rau lub slurry los txhim kho txoj kev xav ntawm tes. Ib yam li ntawd, ib qho yooj yim mos muag yog ntxiv rau tus neeg txhav nquag txhawm rau txhim khu lub cev pob txha.
4. Muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb npuag tshwj xeeb rau
Muab cov khaub ncaws qee cov khoom tiv thaiv los sis ua kom cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua.
Xws li:
Waterproof xov - txheej cov ntaub ua dej thiab cua impenetrable; tshuaj pleev cov dej ua rau cov roj hydrophilicity ntawm hydrophobic fibre, thiab cov ntaub yog ob leeg breathable thiab tsis yooj yim wetted los ntawm dej.
Nplhaib-kub nyhiab xaus - Cov ntaub pua plag muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv nplaim nplaum, thiab sai tau nres tom qab tawm hauv qhov hluav taws kub.
